Strategic Leadership in Action

Summary of the Article The title of the article under discussion in this paper is ‘Google building android game console’. The article is authored by Amir Efrati and Ian Sherr and published in the wall street journal. The article is about Google’s competitive strategy in the information and communication technology industry. The company plans to introduce two new products (wristwatch and video game console) to the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Leadership in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These products will be powered by Google’s android software launched in 2008 and will aim at combating Apple’s future devices and give the company (Google) a competitive edge. The two devices will also aim at expanding the usage of the android software beyond tablets and smart phones. Apart from the two devices, Google also plans to launch a second version of android c alled Nexus Q, which is used for live streaming of information. Statement of the intentions of the paper The paper intends to identify and elaborate some aspects of competitiveness which the authors did not address in the article. The only aspect of competitiveness addressed by the authors in the article is rivalry among existing competitors. However, they have not addressed bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and services, product positioning and differentiation. Threat of new entrants In order to gain a portion of a market and build trust with the customers, new entrants usually come with unique approaches in any given industry. In most cases, they use pricing as a strategy of entering the markets. They do this by setting the prices of their products at low levels than those of the incumbents. Others may focus on improving the quality of their products so as to attract customers (Hill and Gareth 3). The r eduction of price and quality improvement makes the industry very competitive for the incumbents and sometimes they may be forced to quit the industry especially if the new entrants posses huge capital. In a reaction to price reduction and quality improvement, the incumbents may come up with strategies of putting barriers aimed at preventing new entrants from entering the industry. For example, they may adopt very sophisticated technologies which are not easily available. They may also consider putting barriers to the access of the distribution channels so that new entrants may be scared away by the restricted access to supply channels (Hill and Gareth 3). Another reaction by the incumbents is what is referred to as ‘supply-side economies of scale’ which enables the incumbents to produce large quantities of goods at relatively low costs per unit. Supply side economies of scale also cushion the incumbents from the threat of lowered prices by the new entrants. It also dis courages new entrants especially those who are not able to use price reduction as a strategy to penetrate the market and dislodge the incumbents (Hill and Gareth 3).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining power of suppliers In some industries, there are monopolies in terms of supply of goods or services. In such industries, the powerful suppliers are able to manipulate the prices of goods or services the way they want. A supplier is regarded as powerful if for instance, he or she does not depend on a particular industry for revenues and therefore, he or she can do without that particular industry. A powerful supplier is also one who supplies goods and services which are unique or one who has established a long term business relationship with certain companies. Powerful suppliers are also those who supply goods and services which cannot be substituted. A good example is p ilots and the aviation industry. This is because it is not easy to get well trained and qualified pilots within a short notice and therefore, the pilots’ unions may have a big bargaining power (Hill and Gareth 4). Another example is the Microsoft computer giant. It can decide to increase the price of operating systems. When this happens, the other computer dealers have no option other than cutting of their profits. In some cases, some powerful suppliers can also threaten to enter the markets themselves if the customers are not willing to purchase the goods at their desired prices. Companies may overcome this by having large capital base so that they can become suppliers themselves (Hill and Gareth 4). Bargaining power of buyers In some industries, there may be few but large buyers who purchase certain goods or services in bulk. Such buyers usually have a bargaining power to lower the price of goods or services in question because if the suppliers do not comply, they end up wi th minimal sales and profits. Buyers usually have power when the cost of switching suppliers is low and when the products in question are undifferentiated or are standardized. The bargaining power of buyers can affect the profitability of an industry because they may lower buying prices and then lower their selling prices. When this happens, the people who suffer are the other small dealers in the industry and the suppliers. Buyers can increase their competitive strategy by teaming up and setting the buying price of the products at a certain level. This can cushion them from unscrupulous suppliers and new entrants (Hill and Gareth 5). Threat of substitute products or services A substitute is a product which plays similar function as the original product. Examples of substitutes include the electronic mail as a substitute for sending letters by mail, video conferencing as a substitute of actual conferences and the use of plastics instead of aluminum products. Substitutes usually act as a threat to some industries, especially when they are priced in a friendly manner than the original products and when the cost of switching vendors is relatively low. Companies can guard themselves from the threat of substitutes by differentiation of their products and by teaming up to influence government policy on the introduction of substitute goods in the market (Hill and Gareth 6).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Leadership in Action specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Differentiation and Positioning In marketing, differentiation can be defined as the process of distinguishing a product or service from the rest through describing the major differences between the product or service and other products or services. As mentioned earlier, differentiation is one of the aspects of competitiveness done with a view of creating a market niche for a particular product or service. Differentiation seeks to cr eate a positive image of a particular product among the targeted consumers so as to ensure that they perceive it as unique and different from other similar products (Armstrong and Kotler 26). Product differentiation prevents the targeted consumers from comparing a particular product with others thus giving that particular product a competitive advantage over the others. When doing differentiation, the marketing departments of companies mainly use advertisement, promotions, improved product quality, lowering or increasing the prices of products and ignorance of the consumers regarding the price and quality of the product being differentiated (Armstrong and Kotler 26). Some companies may differentiate several products at the same time with the aim of acquiring a certain number of customers for the differentiated products or services; a concept called positioning. Positioning entails the use of various strategies like promotion, distribution of products or services and production of un ique products with unique pricing to build an identity of a particular company or organization in the minds of particular consumers. Through positioning, companies are able to stabilize and retain the positions of differentiated products thus retaining the competitive advantage of the company in regard to those products. In order for a company to create and maintain a particular position in a market, it needs to do a thorough research and be consistent in monitoring of market trends so as to modify or readjust the differentiation and positioning strategies for its respective products. Conclusion From the above discussion, it has emerged that competitiveness is a multidimensional concept. Many companies usually focus on their rivalry with existing competitors in designing their competitive strategies. This is the case with Google Inc. as featured in the article ‘Google Building Android Game Console’ by Amir Efrati and Ian Sherr and published in the wall street journal. H owever, there are other aspects of competitiveness which can enhance a company’s position in a certain industry. These include bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products and services, product positioning and differentiation. When all these aspects of competitiveness are taken into consideration, companies are able to enhance their competitiveness in their respective industries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Armstrong, Gary, and K. Philiph. Marketing. An Introduction, Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Company, 2009.Print. Hill, Charles, and J. Gareth. Strategic management: an integrated approach. Boston: Enfield Publishers, 2007.Print. This essay on Strategic Leadership in Action was written and submitted by user Albert Coffey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Free Essays on Theatre

Youth theatre is described as a performance whose main purpose is to enrich the audience’s lives in some way during the course of the production. â€Å"How Da B-52 cockroach learned to fly† is an excellent example of a performance for youth theatre. The play is based on an award-winning children’s book by Lisa Matsumoto. Although the book was written for a younger audience, both children and adults alike find humor and educational value in â€Å"How Da B-52 Learned to Fly.† With the help of exuberant performers, unique props and a creative set, the story of how the B-52 cockroach was a successful example of what youth theater should be. The play is centered on Kimo the cockroach and his brothers. The play is done in story form with two narrators, one who is telling the story and the other who is listening and asking questions about the major characters. The major conflict that Kimo encounters is trying to fit in and gain acceptance amongst the rest of the insects in the insect kingdom. The insects all view the cockroaches as being lazy with no good traits that could help out there society. Kimo travels through out the insect kingdom in search of a task that he and his brothers could do to gain respect and be accepted into the animal kingdom. Kimo and his brothers try to do all kinds of tasks like be movers with the ants, or deconstruct workers with the termites but they are never really able to pull off those tasks. Kimo comes close to giving up because it seems as though there is nothing that they can do to help the insect kingdom. In the end Kimos persistence pays off he is given wings and he and his brothe rs create there team of human attackers and for all there hard work the queen bee honors them. Dialogue of the play is almost entirely spoken in pidgin. The story is told from a young girl to a boy. By making pidgin the dominant language it made the play unique. When I think of plays, I usually think of Shakespe... Free Essays on Theatre Free Essays on Theatre Youth theatre is described as a performance whose main purpose is to enrich the audience’s lives in some way during the course of the production. â€Å"How Da B-52 cockroach learned to fly† is an excellent example of a performance for youth theatre. The play is based on an award-winning children’s book by Lisa Matsumoto. Although the book was written for a younger audience, both children and adults alike find humor and educational value in â€Å"How Da B-52 Learned to Fly.† With the help of exuberant performers, unique props and a creative set, the story of how the B-52 cockroach was a successful example of what youth theater should be. The play is centered on Kimo the cockroach and his brothers. The play is done in story form with two narrators, one who is telling the story and the other who is listening and asking questions about the major characters. The major conflict that Kimo encounters is trying to fit in and gain acceptance amongst the rest of the insects in the insect kingdom. The insects all view the cockroaches as being lazy with no good traits that could help out there society. Kimo travels through out the insect kingdom in search of a task that he and his brothers could do to gain respect and be accepted into the animal kingdom. Kimo and his brothers try to do all kinds of tasks like be movers with the ants, or deconstruct workers with the termites but they are never really able to pull off those tasks. Kimo comes close to giving up because it seems as though there is nothing that they can do to help the insect kingdom. In the end Kimos persistence pays off he is given wings and he and his brothe rs create there team of human attackers and for all there hard work the queen bee honors them. Dialogue of the play is almost entirely spoken in pidgin. The story is told from a young girl to a boy. By making pidgin the dominant language it made the play unique. When I think of plays, I usually think of Shakespe...

Limitations of Man's Moral Capacities and Role of Political Order Research Paper

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The Sub Processes Of Perception

The Sub Processes Of Perception The perceptual process of individuals passes through several sub-processes. They are stimulus or situation, registration, interpretation, feedback, behavior, and consequence. Stimulus or situation is the first sub-process in the process of perception. Here people are confronted with an external or internal stimulus. As a result, they might experience an immediate sensual stimulation or the confrontation may take place with the entire physical and socio-cultural environment. In Registration, the individuals record in their minds the stimulus they have received from the environment. Physiological mechanisms such as listening, hearing, etc. play an active role in the perception of individuals. During Interpretation, people analyze the stimulus they have received. It is a cognitive process that is influenced by learning, motivation, and personality. Feedback is the response individuals receive from the stimulus i.e. environmental situations. 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To meet these challenges, manufacturing industries have to select appropriate manufacturing strategies, product designs, manufacturing processes, work piece and tool materials, and machinery and equipment. The selection decisions are complex as decision making is more challenging today. Decision makers in the manufacturing sector frequently face the problem of assessing a wide range of options and selecting one based on a set of conflicting criteria. Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment will be very useful to decision makers in the manufacturing sector as it makes decision making easier, more logical, systematic, efficient and effective. It is intended for designers, manufacturing engineers, practitioners, managers, institutes involved in design and manufacturing related projects, applied research workers, academics, and graduate students in mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering. Organizations rely heavily on the choices made for their success. The right choices can bring triumph and negative choices can cause failure. Perception plays a very important role in the choices individuals make. People make decisions every day, every hour and every minute based on the perceptions they interpret. Perception can cause several people to make wrong choices based on false information. In an organization incorrect decisions can cause a great deal of negative effects. Perception plays a vital role in the choices humans make. People make decisions every day, every hour and every minute based on the perceptions they construe. Each individual perceives situations, places, people and so forth with ones own five senses. However, what one perceives is not always accurate. Peoples perceptions can be misleading and can cause negative effects. Perception can cause numerous people to make the wrong choices based on non-factual information. In organizations wrong decisions can cause a tremendous amount of negative effects. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand perception; how ones perception of others impacts an organizations behavior; the positive and negative effects of using perceptive shortcuts when judging others; how decisions in real world organizations are made; and how perceptions shape ones ethical decisions. Q1. Whether companies consider perception before decision Making? Ans.: Direct Attention Thinking Tools (DATT) is now Power of Perception. DATT gives us 10 simple strategies for sharpening an individuals perception and focusing our thinking in a more comprehensive, effective, and efficient way. DATT tools will enable us to have a broad and inclusive viewpoint. Using the DATT tools helps we can create a framework for defining a situation and improves our ability to consider consequences before we take action. So companies should consider perception before decision making with the help of DATT. Q2. How does perception affects decision making? Ans.: 1. Individuals in organizations make decisions; they make choices from among two or more alternatives. Top managers determine their organizations goals, what products or services to offer, how best to finance operations, or where to locate a new manufacturing plant. Middle- and lower-level managers determine production schedules, select new employees, and decide how pay raises are to be allocated. Non-managerial employees also make decisions including whether or not to come to work on any given day, how much effort to put forward once at work, and whether or not to comply with a request made by the boss. A number of organizations in recent years have been empowering their non-managerial employees with job-related decision-making authority that historically was reserved for managers. Decision-making occurs as a reaction to a problem. There is a discrepancy between some current state of affairs and some desired state, requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. The awareness that a problem exists and that a decision needs to be made is a perceptual issue. 3. Every decision requires interpretation and evaluation of information. The perceptions of the decision maker will address these two issues. Data are typically received from multiple sources. Which data are relevant to the decision and which are not? Alternatives will be developed, and the strengths and weaknesses of each will need to be evaluated. Q3. Why perception is included in the process of decision making? Ans.: Perception is a cognitive process by which individuals organize, interpret, and understand their surroundings and environment which also includes impressions formed objects, events, and people. In the process of making decisions, we must fully understand the situation along with its facts to come to a resolution. Without consuming all the factors, the wrong decision may be made. Every decision requires interpretation and evaluation of information. The perceptions of the decision maker will address these two issues. Perception in manufacturing sector Indias manufacturing sector has registered a balanced growth across different industries over the last six months with even the old economy companies turning the corner, says a new study. The CII manufacturing-ASCON survey, carried out by the Associations Council of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), states that 65 percent of the companies in 125 sectors tracked have been registering growth during the last six months. The Indian economy is poised to reap the benefits that come with a strong manufacturing base in an economy. The relentless emphasis that Indian companies have placed on continuously enhancing design and engineering skills, building new capabilities for product and technology innovation and in leveraging resources from around the world to provide value to customers are contributing in transforming Made in India into a global brand. The India advantage is fast changing from that of cost arbitrage to include sustainable factors such as skilled labour, design and research and development capability, a large consuming middle class, besides a growing and liberalizing economy, states the survey for April-September 2006. The manufacturing sector is clearly benefiting from this changing perception. In fact, manufacturing in India is now acquiring a whole new dimension. While many low-end jobs are being outsourced to India, the manufacturing sector is also turning into the design and manufacturing hub of the world. Be it industrial robot manufacturer Gudel or auto giant BMW or South Korean consumer goods giant LG, India has become a key manufacturing destination for a large number of global players. It is already a preferred destination for the manufacture of auto components, bulk drugs and producer services such as software, finance and several others. The manufacturing sector had recorded a growth of 9.1 percent in 2005-06, compared to 9.2 percent in the previous year. This is being strengthened quarter-on-quarter during the current fiscal. The manufacturing sector seems set to enhancing its share in the GDP to the targeted 30 percent. CONCLUSION The Perception and Reality of Business Effectiveness The Perception of Business Effectiveness Lets talk about the perception and reality of business growth. You know the difference between perception and reality. Perception gives you an impression. Reality is the experience of the truth of the matter. Reality is what counts. Perception/impression may not to give you results that you would expect, or like. The perception of where your company is with regard to growth is based on your increasing sales and profitability, the company perspective of itself, and it as compared to your competition and industry standard. You could ask yourself What is the perception of my corporate growth?, Is my corporate growth bringing me the long-term results I am looking for? And, what are the costs of my company not fulfilling its growth potential? It is important to note here that the reality of a companys achievement and growth could be quite different based on another perspective. The perception of your business condition could be deceiving, and could include a number of unseen losses. Your perception is verified by its comparison to another perspective. Opportunity Analysis We can focus on a companys position by asking these questions What is the perception of how we are doing as a company? How can I see what to do to know where to go to do better? What would it take to improve the outcome of my results? What would the reality look like of what I could achieve? How would the improved results put the company in a more profitable and secure position? Am I committed to produce the results I envision? What can I do now to start gaining better business results? What we are addressing here is turning a perception into a new reality by understanding where we are at and creating a path to a reality of improved business development and greater profitability results. The Reality of Business Effectiveness Cutting Costs and Building Profitability As we know building profitability can often be focused on cutting costs. The problem and limitation to building profitability by cutting costs is that you can only cut costs until you have no more costs to cut, and then you might be out of business. Obviously you cannot build company growth on out of business; you cannot build company growth on cutting costs. You can build on opportunities. The key is seeing the opportunities and knowing how to address them. In perceiving opportunities the forest and the trees, the being to close to see it, can come into play. The advantage of an outside business development professional is that they can see the opportunities clearer. A business development professional unveils possibilities for companies by revealing business building opportunities through the background of extensive business experience and a natural talent in business clarity and ideas, coupled with a valuable outside perspective, that creates business results that are effective looking in from outside of the current perception. Creating improved business outcomes for company growth requires a prudent combination of successful cost consciousness and business building that provides the most effective long-term profitability results. At a last, perception is very important for decision making in manufacturing business it also help in sustaining and attaining goals of business ..

Essay --

‘Clan Of The Cave Bear’ By Jean Auel Jean Auel wrote the book by the name of the â€Å"Clan of the cave bear† and it has been hailed as one of the bets pieces of all times. It was so good that even a movie has been made on the story line and much of the success of the movie can be accredited to the success of the book itself. The story is basically about this woman and her struggles in life and it is very broad because the story develops over the years and it encompasses a number of other characters and happenings in her life. It is about how things shape out in her life and many a reader may get the impression that it is herself that she is talking about and that she went through the similar period of turmoil and trouble in her own times. Life can be a funny thing and as the title of the play suggests that it is about a family which in this case is the family of the bear or his clan and the story deals with their lives and developments over the years. The story begins like any common novel but the way in which the language and expression can be felt is very deep rooted and the impact is very deep. It is able to interact with the people and the human values and human touch has been emphasized by the writer. She feels that the best way to interact with the reader is by giving them something that is new to them. Humane touch and the human element is something that has been missing in the books of recent times and that is what makes the American writers peculiar because their level of interaction and their inclusion of the human values in their works are very pronounced. The main character in the book is a female who is left stranded after a disaster and she is at a loss of words because she is still in her tender age. She is so young t... ...the prime focus of study in the book and the writer has not spared any thought about their description and she has done a remarkably wonderful job of making that link so effective between the two completely different worlds. The adoptive and the parental instincts as well as the human touch are apparently clear. The two worlds might seem equally ugly to one another from a naked eye. Ayla learns about new things and is able to understand the things that are not known to the outside world. There are social and moral taboos and she breaks them and she is allowed to do so and she ventures in the unfamiliar territory where no one else has been before. There is mystery and there may be evolution but moreover it is all about the way the things may interact and bring out the best from the ends where things might have been there but have always gone so unnoticed by us all.