Sex Education in America Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sex Education in America - Article Example A better option would indeed be to sit them down and explain to them in moral or practical terms what they need to know about sex. Knowing the stages in the 28 days of ovulation did not benefit that 16 year old pregnant girl in the clinic, but perhaps if that girl who had remarked over hoping child-birth did not hurt as much as sex, had been told how to say no or avoid doing something she clearly never enjoyed doing, she wouldn't be in the position that she currently was. Teachers should sit students down and explain to them the social aspects of teenage pregnancies, explain the possible 'solutions' one relies on when such a situation arises, and explain how none of them are ever really a solution. Furthermore, rather than scaring them away from sex using pregnancy as a tool, students should be educated on sex itself, in practical terms rather than scientific ones. Sex is not a tool to keep someone interested in you, nor is it something to increase intimacy. Rather it is something us ed to express intimacy, and until students know how to do that, it would be like speaking French without actually knowing how to. Furthermore, as that girl in the high school told you Ms. Quindlen, most girls will succumb to intercourse under pressure from their peers or their boyfriends. Perhaps girls should also be taught that there is no need to feel the pressure to keep a friend or a boyfriend who will judge them on their willingness to have sex. Yet we find that none of these issues are ever actually discussed in sex ed classes. Nor is student input ever taken, so that their confusions or queries can be cleared out. Indeed it is possible that, as you, the future or aftermath is such a vague distant matter that the students aren't even aware of their confusion in reference to it. If all that matters is the build-up to the act, they would not find themselves focusing on the ifs, buts, whys and hows of the matter. Perhaps this is because parents are not comfortable with the idea o f sex being taught to their children in such an accepting matter, because idealistic or not, many parents do not want to accept that the idea is relevant to their child. Nonetheless, as their teachers and parents, it is our job to protect our children and educate them on the matter and I do feel that sex education needs to be reconsidered in the way that it is being taught. As for the matter brought up by Ms. Austin, I also completely agree with what you had to say. Indeed as you said, after the revolution of the sixties and the current changing trends, many girls today feel that as they are career-oriented women and not the basic definition of a housewife, home economics and learning how to run a home is not relevant to them. Men on the other hand feel that it's the woman's job to handle a house and they too feel it is not relevant to them. This, in my view, is the basic reason for the decreasing popularity of home economics, and perhaps the rising rate of broken or mismanaged hous eholds. Home economics is essential for anyone hoping to have some form of a household or family, whether it is as a full-time housewife or husband, or as a part-time housewife.

How can inequality undermine the development of a country Essay - 1

How can inequality undermine the development of a country - Essay Example ir contribution to the growth process while the latter â€Å"provides explicitly the growth path subject to technical change due to division of labor†. They posited that scientific, technical and commercial specialization occurs due to the division of labor. Labor is also of the factors that affects economic growth as mentioned by Lindsey (1997). Aside from the growth rate of capital stock, the quantity and quality of labor, and the improvements in the way capital and labor are used are important determinants of economic growth, said Lindsey (1997) further. Adding capital is could imply corporate downsizing and layoff hence it is better to examine labor as factor of growth (Lindsey, 1997). The laborers are humans; they are beings with various social connections and thus, they also have the one referred to as social capital. The process of norm creation leads to cooperation among groups and this makes them related with virtues such as honesty, maintenance of commitments, fulfillment of duties, and reciprocities (Castano, 2007). The effects of social capital to the economic growth have been studied by Castano (2007) through the following sources: family, associations, informal links, links in the workplace and the State. In these social connections, trust networks are also made giving rise to reciprocity among members, contributing to one’s social capital (Castano, 2007). Castano (2007) noted a positive effect of social capital to the economy in the family and associations network when mobilize their financial resources to create companies or keep them running. Transaction costs can be also reduced by social capital since this could alleviate some costs required by a legal norm as said by Castano (2007). As for the State, Castano (2007) mentioned three of its important roles that lead or promote social capital generation and these are the following: regulating the legal framework, promoting associative activities, and providing public education. The endogenous

Recommendations :: essays papers

Recommendations Advice is something given, usually freely, even when unasked for. There are so many well- meaning people in the world that want to give out pearls of wisdom, I am often inundated with ideas on all manner things. How to shop for a home; buy a car; apply for credit; deal with my love life, blah blah blah. The list seems to go on and on forever. Everyone has a better way of doing something, and it's almost enough to make me go crazy to have to listen to it all. However, there have been incredibly wise bits of knowledge passed on to me, that while I may not have understood them at the time, seem almost profound in hindsight. Three of these are, don't go around fighting; watch how I use credit; and finally, watch whom you trust. When I was in highschool, I was a skinny little kid; I was a natural target for bullies. As I got a little older, I learned to fight. My parents were happy that I was learning something that would help me physically, as well as with my confidence. Indeed, I no longer walked around like a victim; the problem was that I seemed to be looking for trouble. One day, as was sure to happen, I got into a fight. No one was hurt, but my parents still got involved. After an excruciatingly long lecture on how one stupid act could ruin my life, I was sent on my way. "Boy," I thought, "they sure don't have a clue about how life is today." Fortunately for me, I did listen, even though I didn't understand. The next month a saw a young man arrested for hitting someone. The fight started over a girl, and for hitting another person, the young man went to jail for five months. His career in law-enforcement was ruined before it even had a chance to start. Another wonderful bit of advice my parents gave me was in the usage of credit. "You can have too much credit. After awhile, it becomes a perpetual monster in your life." At the time I was only nineteen or so, with no idea of what interest charges were, and the thought of all the spending power I could have, just waiting for me to come apply was almost overwhelming. As soon as I was able, I got all the easy credit I was allowed to get on my way to the American dream.

Wiccan Beliefs and Practices

When I think of martial arts, I think about the first time I saw my first Bruce Lee movie. With all the fast movements of Karate or Tae Kwon Do, it seems as though every movie they put out about martial arts in the beginning you would have the teacher training the student and then the student taking on the teacher and once he demonstrates that he can beat the teacher or he is proficient at whatever task the teacher has assigned then he can move on to the next journey or stage. Each stage of martial arts is practiced, and each student must learn concentration. In this paper I will show you the comparison between martial arts in the United States and other countries of origin. The only reason martial arts are so great is because it strengthens each of these aspects of body and mind to make a beautiful display of movement. Martial arts are commonly associated with East Asian cultures, but are by no means unique to Asia. Throughout Europe there was an extensive system of combat martial arts, collectively referred to as Historical European martial arts, until modern times and now they are being reconstructed by several organizations. Native Americans have a tradition of open-handed martial arts, that includes wrestling and Hawaiian’s have historically practiced martial arts featuring small and large joints manipulation, it’s a mix of origins that occur in the athletic movements of Capoeira that was created in Brazil by Slaves, based on skills brought with them from Africa. Also, there is an early legend in martial 3 Comparing the teachings of martial arts in the US and Asia arts that tells the tale of an Indian monk Bodhi dharma (also called Daruma), believed to have lived around 550 A. D. He is credited with founding the meditative philosophy of â€Å"Zen Buddhism† and with influencing the unarmed combat arts of the Shaolin temple in China. The martial virtues of discipline, humility, restraint and respect are attributed to this philosophy. The teaching of martial arts in Asia has historically followed the cultural traditions of teacher-disciple apprenticeship. Students are trained in a stri ctly hierarchical system by a master instructor: Sifu in Cantonese or Shifu in Mandarin; Sensei in Japanese; Sa Bum Nim in Korean. The native peoples of North America and South America had their own martial training which began in childhood. Some First Nations men and more rarely, some women were called warriors only after they had proved themselves in battle. Most groups selected individuals for training in the use bows, knives, blowguns, spears, and war clubs in early adolescence. War clubs were the preferred martial weapon because Native American warriors could raise their social status by killing enemies in single combat face to face. Warriors honed their weapons skills and stalking techniques through lifelong training. Martial arts in the United States have evolved into everything from simple to complex system of fighting. The truth of the matter is all martial arts are similar, they teach similar principles but in different ways. It’s like religion, there are many different 4 Comparing the teachings of martial arts in the US and Asia religions but they all have something in common, they worship some form of deity. The one thing they have in common is they promote self-defense. Some martial arts are linked to spiritual or religious beliefs, philosophies such as Daoism, Shinto or Buddhism and other have their own spiritual code of honor. Martial arts are another way of saying the â€Å"art of combat† or it is a weapon used to survive. Kill or be killed. It is a set of movements used for offensive or defensive purposes (called Kata’s or forms). It can also be a set of movements used to promote health, it has structure and every movement has a meaning. It has been said that the late Bruce Lee taught that one should take the best from all arts and adapt them to whatever situation one finds oneself in. No matter where you look, or where you are in the world, you will see different kinds of martial arts dojo and training centers. Martial arts have also evolved to accommodate the needs of different ages, from kids and toddlers to grownups. For example, a dojo that offers karate can teach different classes for male and female from varying age levels. What martial arts have expanded beyond their countries of origin and become popular in the US and why? Martial arts like karate, taekwondo, judo and other oriental styles may have come from Asia. There are other forms of martial arts that originated from countries like Europe and South America. Each style has a unique facet that 5 Comparing the teachings of martial arts in the US and Asia makes them different from other martial arts, methods of training vary and may include sparring or forms (kata), which are sets or routines of techniques that are performed alone or sometimes with a partner. The Western interest in East Asian Martial arts dates back to the late 19th century, due to the increase in trade between America with China and Japan. Relatively few Westerners actually practiced the arts, and considering it to be mere performance. Exposure to martial arts during the Korean War was also significant and as Western influence grew in East Asia a large number of military personnel spent time in China, Japan, and Korea. In the late 1970s and 1980s there was an increase interest in martial arts thanks to Asian and Hollywood martial arts movies. Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan and Jet Li were prominent movie actors that are responsible for promoting Chinese martial arts. In Europe, with the rise of firearms, martial arts declined. As a result, martial arts with historical roots in Europe do not exist today, to the same extent as in Asia, since the traditional martial arts either died out or developed into sports. Swordsmanship developed into fencing. Boxing as well as forms of wrestling have endured. European martial arts have mostly adapted to changing technology so that while some traditional martial arts still exist, military personnel are trained in skills like bayonet combat and marksmanship. Some European weapon systems have also survived as for sports and as self-defense methods. 6 Comparing the teachings of martial arts in the US and Asia In conclusion when comparing Eastern religions and martial arts in the US and in Asia, how martial arts are taught and practiced differently I found that all martial arts are similar, they teach similar principles but in different ways. In order to learn martial arts you must have self- discipline. The martial virtues of discipline, humility, restraint and respect are attributed to the Zen philosophy. The teaching of martial arts in Asia has historically followed the cultural traditions of teacher-disciple apprenticeship; however in the US the teachings are more along the lines of self-defense and competition styles.

Hinduism Is A Monotheistic Religion - 1369 Words

Religion is a combination of beliefs, ceremonies and set of rules used to follow god or group of gods. I myself belong from a monotheistic religion, known as Islam. Islam is second largest religion in the world. Islam is revealed through Mohammad as a prophet of god. Quran is the holy book of Islam. The Quran was first revealed to Prophet Mohammad, being a messenger of god he started telling those teachings to the people of Mecca and Madinah. After that, people started to convert to Islam. I always wanted to know that how Hinduism is a monotheistic religion because Hindus believe in so many gods. I also wanted to know that why Hindu temples have a bell at their entrance. That’s why I choose Hinduism as my experience project. Hinduism is the oldest religions. The most interesting thing about Hinduism is that they have no specific founder or date of origin. Based on their beliefs Hindu’s are divided in to two casts. In the current world, there is still a big conflict about whether Hinduism is a monotheistic religion or a polytheistic religion. Because according to Hindus believe it’s one God with many different faces. This concept regarding Gods is accepted by some scholars, but not all of them. Hinduism has four sacred text Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Epics. The two most common sacred texts are the Vedas and Bhagavad Gita. The authors of all sacred texts are still unknown. On March 16, 2015 I attended a daily service at Durga Temple called Aarti. I went there at 9:30Show MoreRelatedBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behaviorRead MoreSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 PagesChoice of topic: Religion has always amused me. I have always been curious about the ways of life in a particular religion and their beliefs about God. Point of view has always been important and is supposed to be respected. I was myself involved in many of the family rituals conducted and that always amused me. I come from a family possessing a religious background. I would credit my grandparents for teaching me the Hindu way of life and for teaching to respect other religions and their beliefsRead MoreChristianity and Hinduism1601 Words   |  6 Pagesand Hinduism are two of the world’s largest religions that hold very different ideologies. In the following essay, I will compare my own religion- Hinduism- with Christianity; a religion that has fascinated me for a very long time. Christianity is the world’s largest religion, originating in the Middle East in the first century. It has more than 2 billion followers, from all over the world. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, having originated from Judaism, also a monotheistic religion. ThisRead MoreWorld Religion: Christianity the Most Widespread Religion in The World1473 Words   |  6 Pages526). There are six world religions that have followers all around the world. The six world religions are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Many of these religions are monotheistic, which is the belief of only one god or one higher power. There are also polytheistic believers, which is the belief in many or more than one god. These six world religions have a lot in common and they also have their differences that make their certain religion or belief special to themRead MoreDifferences Between Hinduism And Islam924 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Islam are two of the wor ld’s great religions however, they differ in many regards including their beliefs in god, their ethical beliefs and the afterlife in fact, it would be quite difficult to find to two religions more different then Islam and Hinduism. One major difference is in their belief in god, Muslims are steadfastly monotheistic where Hindus are very much polytheistic. Another key difference is their views on the afterlife Hindus believe in reincarnation, whereas Muslims believeRead MoreClassification of Religions1509 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION ESSAY ON RELIGION Name : Reg. No. : Course Submitted to : RELIGION: Religion is a set of beliefs, cultural system and worldviews that establish symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and to moral values. It defines who you are, what you are and your views about the world. It gives its followers guidelines which frames their actions, attitudes, cultures and belief. TYPES OF RELIGIONS: There are more than four thousand religions in this world, however, most ofRead MoreThe Role Of Religions In Continual Opposition Around The World1447 Words   |  6 Pagesworld based on Religion, Ethics, and Moral Obligation. The world has 19 Major Religions and 270 different Major Religious groups recognized by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO. This variation of religions and beliefs is the main reason on why Human Rights and Culture are constantly in conflict. The top 5 religions of the World differ in one absolute way and that is the first three (Christianity, Islam, and Judaism) are monotheistic religions. Believers of these religions believe in onlyRead MoreHinduism and Christianity: Monotheistic Paths to One God. Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Father, Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit. In comparing Trinity and Trimurti, religious scholar, Anuradha Veeravali (Indian Philosophies, Encyclopedia of Religion) draws parallels between Brahma and God, Vishnu and t he Holy Spirit, and Shiva and Jesus, but persists in the common idea that Christianity is a monotheistic faith while Hinduism is polytheistic. However, Bede Griffiths, a Christian priest living in India, has dared to challenge this firm notion of polytheism, offering comparisons betweenRead MoreHinduism : What Is The Point Of Origin Or Polytheistic?1544 Words   |  7 PagesHinduism 1. What is the point of origin Hinduism is a collective term applied to the many philosophical and religious traditions native to India. Hinduism doesn’t have a specific point of origin or a specific founder. 2. How did religion/philosophy spread? An advanced, city-based community of people came out and became visible from the related to land and crops village culture of the Indus River Valley and lowered in number, for unknown reasons, within a thousand years. The remains of the twoRead MoreReflection Of Hinduism991 Words   |  4 Pages Hinduism Reflection Hinduism is a major world and oldest extant religion with a billion followers which started in the Indian subcontinent. It has a variety of systems of philosophy, belief, and ritual, characterized by the belief in reincarnation one absolute being of multiple manifestations, the law of cause and effect, following the path of righteousness, and the desire for liberation from the cycle of births and deaths. Hinduism refers to rich tradition of

An outline of the Community Service Order - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2817 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Community Essay Did you like this example? 109528 Formerly known as a Community Service Order introduced by the Criminal Justice Act 1972, a community punishment order[1] is now regulated by the Powers of Criminal Courts Act of 2000. The aims of a community punishment order is solely to reform the offender whilst he/she remains in the community, allow an opportunity to reflect on the criminal act for which s/he has been sentenced, the order is a method of rehabilitation preventing the offender from falling into a life of criminal activity and is also reparative to the public (particularly the victim).[2] The order, defined by s.163 of the PCC (2000) requires the convicted offender to spend time on unpaid work for the benefit of the community for a period between 40 to 240 hours. The offender is supervised whilst undertaking this work by a member of the youth offending team, a social worker, or a member of the probation service. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An outline of the Community Service Order" essay for you Create order As outlined in s46 of the PCC(S) Act (2000), the minimum age for a young offender to be sentenced to a community punishment order is 16. It is an alternative to a custodial sentence for the juvenile who having committed the offence, and found guilty of it, would otherwise be sent to a young offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s institution. For those under the age of 18, the Youth Justice Board would be responsible for locating secure accommodation for the committed juvenile. The other criteria for this sentence is that the court is satisfied by pre-sentence reports of the offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability and suitability to carry out this form of punishment and also à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there is somewhere suitable and a type of unpaid work available for the punishment to be carried out.[3] The Youth Justice Board was created by the Government in the provisions set out in the Crime and Disorder Act of 1998. With no specific body responsible in dealing with juvenile crime, the Government set out to create a Youth Justice Board responsible for both the operation and the provision of youth justice services.[4] The Boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s primary aim as set out in s.37(1) of the CDA was to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“..prevent offending by children and young personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] When sentencing a young offender, consideration of the young personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s welfare needs (as outlined in s44 of the Children and Young Personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Act 1933) will be paramount but other considerations such as protecting the public from further harm, reforming the offender from committing further acts of crime and allowing the public (including the victim) to have confidence in the criminal justice system will also be taken into account.[6] The youth court will not recommend a community punishment order unless it can be certain that this is the right path for the young offender to reintegrate himself into the community and is convinced that a custodi al sentence would only seek to destroy this reintegration. The court must also be sure that the young offender will be able to carry out the punishment of unpaid work, for it is not an easy option as commonly quoted by young people and the public itself. According to Cavadino and Dignan in 1997,[7] community punishment orders were used as an aid to reducing the prison population, and as discussed later, the very scope of community punishment has been reflected as being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“insufficiently punitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [8] However, once the courts have sentenced the young person to a community punishment order, it is then up to the agencies responsible for the supervision of the young offender to be careful in ensuring that no conflicts of timing are made in respect of the personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s religious beliefs or any work/schooling schedule.[9] A convicted teenager may well view his sentence in this respect as being of relative ease to him, considering heavy demands of unpaid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  will not interfere with his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hecticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  scheduleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Indeed, Davies et al in their 1996 text on Criminal Justice illustrated the contempt some magistrates demonstrated on the very à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“punishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  they had passed sentence on.[10] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not structured enoughthey come and go as they pleaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“They tend to lose credibility when we have breach hearingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you hear how the administrator has bent over backwards in accepting excuses (in not completing the work allocated to them)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This view counters the very aim of community punishment orders, in that they are supposed to have a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“just desertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  tag attached to them when they are handed down, or to simplify, are meant to punish the offender for his criminal activity. However a young offender is to be punished for his criminal behaviour, the primary aim of the agencies involved has always been the welfare of that very individual, on account of his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  status. Society and the courts in modern times have recognised that the influences and actions a child participates in before adulthood will usually impress upon him through adult life, which is why the youth courts have to be careful in how they dispense justice upon a convicted young offender in relation to a community service sentence. It is the requirement of the Youth Justice Board and the associated Young Offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Teams to prevent acts of crime before a child is immersed so deeply in criminal activity or an offence committed is so serious that it is only a matter of time before a youth court hearing is inevitable. Prosecution is viewed as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“last resortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  leaving many victims in despair as the youth continues t o offend depending on his attitude to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“softly, softlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method. This rehabilitative approach has often been seen as treating offenders with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“kid glovesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or condoning the anti-social behaviour of young offenders. Indeed, there are many steps to encounter before a juvenile may find himself in front of a youth court, including programmes such as mentoring, a parenting order where the offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parents attend classes on how to improve their disciplinary skills and activities for young people (which have often been reported in the media as rewarding bad behaviour with free outings and holidays). According to the youth justice board[11], these preventative activities are to re-educate the young offender, to re-engage teenagers in their local community in regards to education, employment or training and to encourage them in developing their own role as an individual with understanding to their actions and behaviour. It is recognised in a survey conducted by MORI[12] that young offenders, who are low achievers academically or have been sidelined from the compulsory education system, are the group most at risk in their likelihood to commit crime. When conducting their survey, MORI discovered that peer pressure and committing crime because it was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“funà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or because they were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“boredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  were among the greatest reasons why the offender decided in their actions to illicit criminal activity.[13] So what are the alternatives available if the preventative actions should fail, and the offender before a youth court is deemed unsuitable for a community punishment order? Close in range to a punishment order is community rehabilitation and punishment orders whereby the offender is required to undertake the following: to be of good behaviour and lead an industrious lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to inform the supervisor of changes in address, or employment; and to comply with the supervisorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s orders for visits and in reporting to the officer when required. The above as outlined in Emmins on Criminal Procedure[14], are standard requirements of the offender, and are available for a period between six months to three years. It must be noted that these orders are only for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“matureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  teenagers over the age of 16 years, where it is hoped they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“appreciateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the opportunity being given them as a chance of rehabilitation from a life of crime (with the possibility of a custodial sentence). In all essence though, this order is to be seen as a deterrent with a means of protecting the public from further harm by the convicted youth. Other community based punishments are available for the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consideration, depending on the offenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s suitability, and age, though they are not dependant on the element of unpaid work for the duration of the sentence. We will consider each of the following in turn. A curfew order is a requirement for the offender to rem ain in a specified place for a number of hours as agreed by the court. Usually in the form of an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“electronic tagà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to ensure the offender complies, this order is regulated by the PCC (S) Act 2000, s.37 and is available in youth courts. It is often viewed as a restriction of liberty, regulating movements of the offender, though this type of punishment is not solely used for an offence which is normally punishable by imprisonment. The curfew order has a maximum duration of six months, and is extendable for a monitoring period of between two to twelve hours daily (half this if the offender is aged under 16). Theoretically, according to Stone in his sentencing text, this could add up to a punishment total of 2,184 hours, 9.1 times the length of a community punishment order.[15] Primarily used in youth courts, attendance centre orders has attracted little controversy since their inclusion as a community based punishment, originally under the Criminal Justic e Act, 1991.[16] It is not extensively used, as it has a limited age range, and little is required of the offender apart from attending a centre during his/her free leisure time, presumably to prevent them from being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“boredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and being pushed into further acts of criminal activity by their own mindset or peer pressure. The order can be made for a period from twelve up to a maximum of thirty-six hours for a youth between the ages of 16-20 years. Supervision orders introduced by the Children and Young Persons Act, 1969 is a flexible method of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“punishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and has a wider scope for pertaining to the complex needs of young offenders. Stone[17] argues that it is an appropriate sentence when the individual on the receiving end has complex needs and requires in-depth assessment. This may be more useful when there are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“reasonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  behind the criminal act, and the individual has behavioural problems that is not only limited to being subject to influence by their peers, or because they were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“inactive and boredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . However, the negative aspect to this sentence is that an individual cannot be changed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“overnightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  when the supervision order is for a limited period of duration. Also, several agency initiatives, such as social workers, police and probation officers need to collaborate with each other to ensure the aims of the order are being met. With stretched resources; this is less likely to happen. Under s69(3) of the PCC(S)A 2000, a sentence can be passed in the form of an Action Plan, if the court is satisfied that this would be the appropriate means to rehabilitate and prevent the commission of further criminal acts by him/her. This is only available to offenders under the age of 18, and cannot be used in conjunction with any other community based sentence. Available for a limited period up to three months, the juvenile attend s meetings twice a week under the National Standards for Youth Justice guidelines. Under s 69(1)(b) of the 2000 Act, the offender is placed under the supervision of an appropriate officer, and must comply with that officerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s requests in order for the plan to be implemented to a successful conclusion. The action plan order has an element not attached to any other community based orders in that the offender must comply with the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s/officerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s demands that he/she stay away from a named area and arrangements for his/her education must also be satisfied, presumably that the offender maintains a good attendance record and behaves accordingly to that effect. Also the court has an option to fix a review hearing to check on the progress of the juvenile concerned. This shows that the courts may not always be convinced of the action planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives if its officials require reassurance that the plan has rehabilitated the o ffender.[18] Fines are a means of monetary punishment to remind the offender that he has done wrong (R v Olliver, 1989)[19], though the negative aspect of this is that fines usually have to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“chased upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  through the court bailiffs if they are not paid, and if the offender is under 18, then the duty falls to the parent to pay, where in reality this is punishing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“innocentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  party who is not in the dock for the crime in the first place. With this wide variety of punishments available to the youth courts, their influence is likely to be affected by the pre-sentence report that is mandatory under the CJA 1991. Easton and Piper in their text, Sentencing and Punishment discovered that much depends on the structure and quality of the report being made to the presiding judge. Indeed, their view is that 40% of reports in high-custody areas were poor or unsatisfactory. So, what does this mean for the young offender who is in t he dock of a youth court, found guilty of a crime and about to be sentenced? The MORI report shows that in the recent year of 2004, a high number of young people committed another crime after being caught by the police for their previous offence.[20] When questioned by MORI what their attitude were to committing crime, 40% of those who took part in the survey stated their primary concern was their parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reaction, closely followed by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of being arrested.[21] With community punishments often being viewed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“softà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and something to boast about between their friends as if it is a badge of respect that they have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“earnedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , or that they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“got off lightlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , there is a real danger that instead of being seen as a second chance to turn their lives round, the community sentences carry little weight in the criminal justice system for juvenile offender s. Easton and Piper[22] point out that in the future, the Action Plan order will seek to encompass all the bewildering array of community punishments, will run for a period of 1-12 months with several interventions from a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“menuà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which will include the options of mentoring, fines and reparation.[23] The way forward, according to the Home Office is the concentration on supervision orders, with the added combination of a reparation order as laid down in the Crime and Disorder Act, 1998. Implementing this in 2001, the Youth Justice Board developed an Intense Supervision and Surveillance Programme (ISSP), utilising electronic means and human resources to deal with any non-compliance issues. The effect of the order is to attain some form of educational achievements and for the offender to gain an understanding and remorse for his actions.[24] Easton and Piper illustrate the dangers of increasing restrictive regimes on young offenders where reliability is on the resources to implement these programmes. Without the resources, the reduction of juvenile crime remains to be seen. Not only that, but without a structured life and a lack of self-control due to parental irresponsibility,[25] juvenile crime may continue to be a common occurrence in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society. Bibliography Books Cavadino P and Dignan J, 1997, The Penal System: An Introduction, 2nd edn. London: Sage Davies, Croall and Tyrer, 1998, Criminal Justice, 2nd edn, Pearson Ed: Essex Easton, S and Piper, C, 2005, Sentencing and Punishment, Oxford: OUP Hale et al, 2005, Criminology, Oxford: OUP Padfield, N, 2000, Text and Materials on the Criminal Justice Process, 2nd edn, London: Butterworths Sprack, J, 2002, Emmins on Criminal Procedure, 9th edn, Oxford: OUP Stone, N, 2001, A companion guide to sentencing, GB: Shaw and Sons Websites https://www.homeoffice.gov.uk https://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/ https://www.youth-justice-board. gov.uk 1 Footnotes [1] Renamed to current name by: s41 of the CJCSA 2000 [2] pg.156, Stone.N, 2001, A companion guide to sentencing Part Two, GB: Shaw Sons [3] p.390-391, Sprack, J, 2002, Emmins on Criminal Procedure, 9th edn, Oxford: OUP [4] s44(1) and (5)(a) Crime and Disorder Act 1998 [5] https://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/98037f.htm#37 [6] Pg.353, Padfield N, 2000, Text and Materials on the Criminal Justice Process, 2nd edn. London: Butterworths [7] Cavadino P and Dignan J, 1997, The Penal System: An Introduction, 2nd edn. London: Sage [8] pg. 287, Davies, Croall and Tyrer, 1998, Criminal Justice, 2nd edn, Pearson Ed: Essex [9] as outlined in PCC(S) 2000, s.47(2) [10] pg. 94-5, Davies et al, 1996, Criminal Justice, London: Sage [11] https://www.youth-justice-board.gov.uk/YouthJusticeBoard/Prevention/PAYP/ [12] https://www.youth-justice-board.gov.uk/Publications/Downloads/YouthSurvey2004.pdf [13] pg.29, Circumstances of offending, ibid [14] pg. 389, Sprac k, J, 2002, Emmins on Criminal Procedure, OUP: Oxford [15] pg.171, Stone, N, 2001, A companion guide to sentencing : Part Two, GB: Shaw and Sons [16] Now regulated by the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, ss60-62 [17] 177, ibid [18] pg.186, Stone, N, 2001, A companion guide to sentencing : Part Two, GB: Shaw and Sons [19] R v Olliver (1989) 11 Cr App R(S) 10 [20]Table 3.4, pg.43, https://www.youthjusticeboard.gov.uk/Publications/Downloads/YouthSurvey2004.pdf 21Table 3.7,pg.46, https://www.youthjusticeboard.gov.uk/Publications/Downloads/YouthSurvey2004.pdf 22 paras 7 and 17, 2003, Home Office, Youth Justice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Next Steps, London: Home Office [21]23 pg.254, Easton, S and Piper, C, 2005, Sentencing and Punishment, Oxford: OUP [22]24 ibid [23] [24] [25] Hale et al, 2005, Criminology, Oxford: OUP

Night By Elie Wiesel Book Analysis - 708 Words

Luba Frederick, a holocaust survivor, answered â€Å"To die was easy.†, when discussing the tragic and horrible events of the holocaust. In the Nazi concentration camps, life was miserable. Jews were oppressed by Nazi’s and forced to do their dirty work. Families, jobs, dreams, were nothing more than an illusion as cruel and inhumane treatment replaced them. People felt hopeless and looked to death as an option. Many were intrigued with the idea of death, since it was easier to give up rather than choosing to continue. Majority of people stopped eating, gave up their religious faiths and hope, welcoming the darkness to embrace them. Surviving was a constant struggle for these people and the only way to overcome it was the acceptance of death.†¦show more content†¦Why couldn’t he have avoided Idek’s wrath? That was what life in a concentration camp had made of me†¦.†(Night, 54) , the concentration camps turned family against one another. People have been forced to adapt to their surroundings and their surroundings happen to made up of the same negative energy. Suppressed anger was directed to family members rather than the oppressors who imprisoned them. It was either survive or die trying and if people got in the way, disregard them as if they were another stranger in the street. Death would be easier than to watch yourself change for the worse. In the camps Germans used violence and death threats to keep the Jewish prisoners frightened and submissive. â€Å"The night was pitch-black. From time to time, a shot exploded in the darkness. They had orders to shoot anyone who could not sustain the pace. Their fingers on the triggers, and they did not deprive themselves of the pleasure. If one of us stopped for a second, quick shot eliminated the filthy dog.†(Night, 87), the officers didn’t see the Jews as nothing more than inferior. They were viewed to be less and treated like a smelly homeless dog. The prisoners themselves began to act similar to the Germans when they began to view violence as entertainment, a coping mechanism, and pleasure. The inhumane aggression and senseless, cruel violence they were given forced them to be just as inhumane towards their fellow prisoners.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel945 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesel was born in 1928. In his book, Night, which was published in 1955, Wiesel depicts his personal journey through the German concentration camps by the use of his character Eliezer (Sparknotes). At the age of 15, he lives with his family in Sighet, Transylvania (Biography). His father Shlomo is very involved with the community there. Eliezer is deeply engaged in religious studies, being taught by Moshe, an older man in his community who is considered a lunatic by many (Sparknotes). InRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1778 Words   |  8 Pagesthemselves this question, whether they have fully grasped their personality or not, and during that difficult time, even the things you thought you knew about yourself are challenged. In the memoir, Night, the author Elie Wiesel, presents the story of his own time in Auschwitz during the German Holocaust. Elie, being Jewish, was deported into concentration camps in Hitler’s final solution. He underwent such things as witnessing death for the first time, extreme exhaustion, inhumane treatment, and seeingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel794 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Night In the book Night by Elie Wiesel there are many instances where his use of imagery helps establish tone and purpose. For example Elie Wiesel used fire (sight) to represent just that. The fire helps prove that the tone is serious and mature. In no way did Wiesel try to lighten up the story about the concentration camps or the Nazis. His use of fire also helps show his purpose. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1017 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Night by Elie Wiesel it says â€Å"human suffering anywhere concerns men and women everywhere.† This shows that the world’s problems are everyone’s problems. Everyone has their own responsibilities and when war occurs people tend to take on more responsibility than ever before. The United States is a prime example of making the world’s problems their own. When problems arise people step up and take responsibility. Like in the quote from Elie Wiesel, human suffering really is everyone’s problemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1367 Words   |  6 PagesNight is the detailed account of Elie Wiesel’s experiences as a Jew in Germany during the Holocaust. Night is considered a memoir, however, Wiesel uses fictional characters to tell his story. Eliezer acts as Wiesel’s author surrogate, a fictional character based on the author, and narrates the story. Over the course of the text Wiesel exposes the full face of the dehumanization perpetrated against the Jewish people. Through persuasive oration, Hitler was able to manipulate the Germans and justifyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel907 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Night written by Elie Wiesel was mainly about how a young boy had to suffer the traumatic experience of existence and fatality at Nazis concentration camps. In the book, Elie Wiesel was the character â€Å"Eliezer Wiesel†. Eliezer was a young boy at the age of fourteen who lived in Sighet, Transylvania. During the lead of World War II, Eliezer was an extremely earnest young boy who desired to examine and practice Jewish theology. He also occasionally spent a great deal of time and passionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1216 Words   |  5 Pageswhen I first saw the book. The images that they title brought to my mind is someplace where there is no light, no happiness.When you think of night you clearly think of physical darkness but I think night symbolizes a place without God’s presence, somewhere where there s no hope. The emotions that this title brought to my mind is sadness. Sadness because once you are in the dark there is nothing y ou can do but wait. Wait on your destiny. The impression that the picture on the book gave me was very vagueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead MoreNight Trilogy By Elie Wiesel1075 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 2 Period 14 10 June 2015 Night Trilogy Criticism Elie Wiesel’s Night Trilogy is comprised of an autobiography about Wiesel’s experience during the Holocaust and the horrific struggle he faced while in concentration camps, and two other stories depicting the rise of Israel and an accident. The acclaimed Holocaust writer is most well-known for Night due to its effect across the globe. Dawn and Day are not autobiographies, yet they have lingering presences of Wiesel in the main characters and narratorsRead More Dawn by Elie Wiesel Essay716 Words   |  3 PagesDawn by Elie Wiesel In this report you will see the comparisons between the novel Dawn and the life of Elie Wiesel, its author. The comparisons are very visible once you learn about Elie Wiesel’s life. Elie Wiesel was born on September28,1928 in the town of Hungary. Wiesel went through a lot of hard times as a youngster. In 1944, Wiesel was deported by the nazis and taken to the concentration camps. His family was sent to the town of Auschwitz. The father, mother, and sister of Wiesel died in